Two Years of Conflict in Gaza Leave Lasting Impact on Israel and Palestinians
Tel Aviv: October 7, 2023, marked a significant and unexpected shift for Israel as Hamas fighters breached Gaza’s fortified border, resulting in the deaths of nearly 1,200 people and the capture of 251 hostages. This attack exposed vulnerabilities that have since left a lasting trauma within Israel.
According to Deutsche Welle, the Israeli government responded swiftly on October 8, 2023, by launching an offensive in Gaza. The ensuing two years have been catastrophic for Palestinians, with operations by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) resulting in at least 66,000 deaths, with an estimated 80% being civilians, and approximately 169,000 injuries, as reported by the Hamas-run Health Ministry of Gaza. International agencies suggest that the actual death toll may be even higher.
The International Organization for Migration has highlighted the severe humanitarian crisis, noting that 90% of homes in Gaza have suffered destruction or damage, displacing 1.9 million of the 2.1 million residents internally. A “total blockade” imposed by Israel has exacerbated the situation, leading to widespread famine and the deaths of at least 450 individuals, including 150 children.
Despite the loss of many fighters and prominent leaders like Ismail Haniyeh and Yahya Sinwar, Hamas continues to operate. In late September 2025, US President Donald Trump introduced a 20-point peace plan, aiming for the release of hostages and the disarmament of Hamas, which could signify the end of Hamas as an armed entity.
Beyond Gaza, Israel’s regional adversaries such as Hezbollah and the Houthis have shown solidarity with Hamas. These groups, reportedly supported by Iran, have launched attacks on Israel. Israel’s military responses included significant actions against Hezbollah and Iran, weakening these organizations and reinforcing Israeli dominance in the region.
Internationally, Israel faces accusations of committing genocide due to its military tactics in Gaza. Various human rights organizations and bodies, including a UN commission and the International Criminal Court, have taken steps against Israel, although the Israeli government denies these claims, citing self-defense.
Amidst the conflict, there is growing international recognition of Palestinian statehood, with 20 additional countries, including notable nations like France and the United Kingdom, endorsing a two-state solution. This recognition has led to some countries halting arms exports to Israel and considering economic sanctions.
Within Israel, there is significant division regarding the continuation of the conflict in Gaza. While some government officials push for ongoing military action, a large portion of the population, including relatives of hostages and various societal groups, call for a ceasefire. A recent survey indicates over 60% of Israelis support ending the conflict.
President Trump’s peace plan could offer a temporary cessation of hostilities, yet the deep-seated wounds from these two years of conflict are likely to persist for decades.